Figyan

CA Bigyan Kumar Mishra

is a fellow member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.He writes about personal finance, income tax, goods and services tax (GST), company law and other topics on finance. Follow him on facebook or instagram or twitter.

Fiscal Year vs. Calendar Year in India: A Simple Guide for Small Business Owners

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If you're a small business owner in India—say a local bakery, a mobile repair shop owner, or a tuition teacher—you might have come across terms like fiscal year-end, calendar year, and financial reporting periods when dealing with income tax, GST or opening a business bank account. And let’s be honest, they can be confusing.You might ask:Don’t worry. In this guide, … [Read more...] about Fiscal Year vs. Calendar Year in India: A Simple Guide for Small Business Owners

Broker vs Market Maker: A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding Share Market Roles

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For many Indians—whether you're an online seller in Indore, a mobile repair shop owner in Bhubaneswar, or someone who just opened a Demat account—the share market can feel like a maze. Full of confusing terms, fees, and hidden players.But here’s the good news: you don’t need to be a finance expert to understand the basics.This guide explains the difference between … [Read more...] about Broker vs Market Maker: A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding Share Market Roles

How to Calculate Company Equity: A Beginner’s Guide for Small Business Owners

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Whether you’re a freelance tailor in Mumbai, a mobile repair shop owner in Delhi, or a tuition teacher in Kolkata, terms like equity or balance sheet can feel confusing or even intimidating. But don’t worry—many small business owners across India feel the same way.The good news? Understanding company equity is simpler than you think. And more importantly, it’s one of the … [Read more...] about How to Calculate Company Equity: A Beginner’s Guide for Small Business Owners

Price-to-Earnings (P/E) vs PEG Ratio in Stock Market: A Simple Guide for Beginners

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Is a high Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio good or bad? I don’t get it.This stock looks cheap, but is it actually a good buy?Everyone’s saying ‘PEG ratio’—should I be checking that too?If any of these questions sound like yours, you’re not alone. Many first-time investors in India—whether they’re small business owners, freelancers, or salaried … [Read more...] about Price-to-Earnings (P/E) vs PEG Ratio in Stock Market: A Simple Guide for Beginners

Retail vs Institutional Investors in Indian Stock Market: A Simple Guide

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Many Indian investors, especially beginners and small savers, get confused when they see headlines like “FIIs pulled ₹10,000 crore from Indian markets” or “LIC increases stake in XYZ stock.” It’s natural to wonder: Are they smarter? Should I follow them? Do I invest the same way they do?The short answer: No.You and those big institutions are playing different roles in … [Read more...] about Retail vs Institutional Investors in Indian Stock Market: A Simple Guide